diff --git a/02-pass-by-ref/no-ref.cpp b/02-pass-by-ref/no-ref.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00048ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/02-pass-by-ref/no-ref.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+struct A
+{
+	char str[16];
+};
+
+int len(struct A a)
+{
+	int count;
+	for(count = 0; a.str[count] not_eq '\0'; ++count);
+	return count;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+	struct A a = { .str = "Hello, World!" };
+	int res = len(a);
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/02-pass-by-ref/ref.cpp b/02-pass-by-ref/ref.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d77cec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/02-pass-by-ref/ref.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+struct A
+{
+	char str[16];
+};
+
+int len(struct A &a)
+{
+	int count;
+	for(count = 0; a.str[count] not_eq '\0'; ++count);
+	return count;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+	struct A a = { .str = "Hello, World!" };
+	int res = len(a);
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}